Histological effects on reproductive organs and cauda epididymal sperm count and motility: effect of solanum melongena (garden egg) aqueous leaf extract [SMALE] in adult albino Rats

Abstract

This study investigates the histological effects of Solanum melongena (garden egg) aqueous leaf extract (SMALE) on the reproductive organs, specifically focusing on sperm motility, sperm count, and histological changes in the testes and epididymis of adult male albino rats. The rats were administered varying doses of SMALE (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight) over a period of time. Sperm motility and count were assessed, with significant improvements observed in the 400 mg/kg dose group, indicating a dose-dependent enhancement in sperm function. Histological examination revealed normal testicular architecture in the control group, with intact spermatocytes and spermatids. The 400 mg/kg SMALE treatment showed increased proliferation and maturation of spermatocytes and Leydig cells, while the 800 mg/kg dose led to signs of testicular degeneration, characterized by atrophied Leydig cells and pycrosis. These findings suggest that SMALE at moderate doses may enhance reproductive health, while higher doses could induce toxicity and impair sperm maturation. The study highlights the potential of Solanum melongena as a natural supplement for male fertility, with important implications for reproductive health and safety.